BDSM practitioner Madelaine Thomas is not at all your standard startup entrepreneur. After multiple instances of individuals leaking her intimate photographs, she felt "angry enough to take action" and looked to tech solutions for answers.
"These were beautiful pictures, I'm unapologetic of the pictures, I'm embarrassed of the manner that they were weaponized by someone who I don't know," explained Madelaine.
Just over a year after launching her company, Image Angel, which uses invisible forensic watermarking to track abusers, has garnered significant recognition and was recommended as exemplary procedure in an government-commissioned study earlier this year.
This represents quite a departure from her previous career in providing BDSM services, dominating clients in the realms of kink and bondage.
The non-consensual sharing of private images, often referred to as revenge porn, is a criminal offence with offenders risking two years in prison.
It is far from an issue exclusively faced by those in the adult entertainment sector. A report suggests that around 1.42% of the UK female population is affected by this form of abuse on an annual basis.
Madelaine, thirty-seven, explained victims endured shame and stigma. "I think a lot of people will say, 'you put a private image out on the internet, what do you expect?'," she noted.
"I demand respect, I expect respect, and I expect confidence, and I fail to understand why those are negotiable," she continued. "The reality that those images could be then shared where I live or with my loved ones and used to hurt them, that's unacceptable, that's not a decision I made, that's not my mistake, that's an individual committing abuse."
Madelaine has been practicing as a dominatrix, mainly online, for a decade and consistently found her work liberating and satisfying. "It's me as a dominant woman, a woman who is empowered and strong, offering my body as a gift to someone because I wish to," she said.
"Some believe it's unusual but I don't see it any differently to a personal trainer or an financial advisor giving advice," she added.
She embraces being a unique figure in the technology sector. "I know that it's bizarre, it's remarkable to think that an individual who was a dominatrix is now a founder of a technology firm, but it required someone who has been through it to know the loopholes and the modifications that were necessary," she stated.
She maintained she was not technically inclined and was managed to build her company after a lot of late nights, investigation and "bugging people" who understand tech.
Image Angel can be used by any digital service where people exchange photos, for instance dating apps, social networks and online sites.
When an image is viewed by a user, it is seamlessly tagged with an undetectable digital marker which is unique to them.
This invisible watermark is embedded into the digital file of the image itself and can withstand screenshots, being edited and being re-captured with a secondary device.
It means that if you discover your image has been circulated without your consent, providing the platform you posted it on has the system integrated, the viewer's details will be encoded in the image and can be retrieved by a data recovery specialist so action can be taken.
Currently, one service has adopted her tech and she's in discussions with several more.
"The system is already in use in Hollywood, it already exists in live television so this is not brand new technology, it's just a novel use and a different framework," said Madelaine.
"We have validated it, we're partnering with a firm that has decades of expertise in developing technology so we are confident that this is reliable and what we now need to do is test it at scale," she added.
She expressed hope she believed the technology would also act as a preventive measure to potential perpetrators.
An expert from a leading helpline commented she had seen first-hand the panic, distress and self-blame intimate image abuse caused for victims.
"If that self-blame is compounded by a uninformed acquaintance or service who says 'what did you expect?' that guilt can really be reinforced so it's crucial that the response a victim receives is that they have committed no error," she emphasized.
She noted it was fantastic that Madelaine was leveraging her ordeal to create solutions, saying: "It is vital to have this comprehensive strategy towards addressing tech facilitated abuse, because no one tool is going to be able to solve this problem, not just support services, it needs to be this multi-layered response."
TV presenter Jess Davies was only fifteen when images of her in a state of undress were circulated within her local community. It was the beginning of multiple violations Jess endured in her youth that would later shape her women's rights campaigning.
"It required years, an excessive amount of time for someone to say to me, 'it wasn't your fault' and 'that was wrong'," said Jess.
She too is passionate about eliminating the shame of this crime from the victims to the offenders. "There is no offence to willingly share an image to someone," said Jess.
"But it is a crime to circulate that without consent and I think that should invariably be where the blame is," she concluded.
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